China 201s are a series of concise, substantive briefs designed to support congressional staff and policymakers seeking a foundational background on key China-related issues.
This report analyzes the U.S.-China contest over artificial intelligence (AI) and China's “all in” open-source approach, reflecting fundamentally different theories of how AI leadership is won.
China’s approach operates in two reinforcing loops: a digital loop of open-model innovation and rapid, community-driven iteration, and a physical loop of large-scale deployment across manufacturing,…
The hearing examines how Chinese investment models and influence in Latin America are evolving, explores China's influence toolkit, economic coercion tactics, role in dual-use ports, and connections to transnational crime, and reviews how Chinese activities affect the regional economic and security environment and U.S. interests.
China helps Iran evade U.S. sanctions and maintain its destabilizing activities in the Middle East. Iran supplies China with relatively low-cost oil and is a partner in China’s efforts to undermine the U.S.-led global order, including through alternative multilateral organizations such as BRICS and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO).
Beijing’s approach to spectrum management has been poorly understood, but it offers important lessons regarding the benefits and drawbacks of a relatively centralized, civilian-led approach. This report therefore investigates how China manages its electromagnetic spectrum, how that spectrum is used, how China’s approach to spectrum management is impacting global standards, and what benefits (and…
This Spotlight updates previous work the Commission published in July 2025 on China's exploitation of scam centers in Southeast Asia. It analyzes new developments that pose challenges to U.S. efforts to combat scam centers and policies the U.S. government can pursue policies to stay ahead of these emerging trends.
Highlights include: China Escalates Drone Operations Against Taiwan, Tests Deception Capabilities; China Expands Crypto Ban to Emerging Products; Continuing Rise in Unprofitable Zombie Companies in China Underscores Economic Troubles; Even the IMF Warns China's Market Distortions Causing China Shock 2.0; U.S. and Taiwan Reach Trade Agreement; Alibaba's Latest Qwen3.5 Model Signals Continued AI…
The hearing examines how China is challenging long-standing U.S. advantages in the undersea domain, explores China's military strategies for the undersea domain, assesses how emerging technologies could counter U.S. superiority, and evaluates China's expanding activities involving undersea critical infrastructure and deep-sea resources—including submarine cables and seabed mining.
Key Events and Statements Summarizing China’s Position on Russia’s Invasion of Ukraine from February 21, 2022 onward.
The hearing examines geopolitical and military issues pertaining to India's relations with China and the United States, explores economic and technology dimensions of India-China relations, and reviews U.S. policy efforts to enhance the strategic partnership with India, and implications of India's relations with China on U.S. interests.