| U.S.- CHINA | ECONOMIC and SECURITY REVIEW COMMISSION

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08/18/2026

Issue Brief

The People’s Republic of Data: How China Is Turning Data into Capital

The issue brief examines how Beijing is transforming data into a strategic economic asset through state-directed commercialization policies. The paper analyzes China's efforts to build a national data economy while advancing broader objectives related to artificial intelligence, technological competition, and traditional industries.

Technology and Innovation
China’s Economy and Resources

12/01/2025

Research Proposals

Request for Proposals to Establish an Indefinite Delivery, Indefinite Quantity (IDIQ) Contract

The Commission invites submission of proposals to support the Commission’s research on the national security implications of the bilateral trade and economic relationship between the United States and the PRC.

Censorship and Control
China’s Economy and Resources
Compliance with International Rules and Norms
Finance and Investment
Global Relations and Influence
Hong Kong
Product Safety
Technology and Innovation
Security and Defense
Taiwan
Trade and Supply Chains

11/14/2025

Staff Paper

Made in China 2025: Evaluating China’s Performance

Made in China 2025 exemplifies how China’s industrial strategy is a comprehensive mobilization of state resources, private enterprise, and national priorities that has reshaped global technology competition.

China’s Economy and Resources

12/19/2023

Issue Brief

Women in China’s Leadership

This issue brief finds that women have limited representation and voice across the top echelons of China’s political system.

China’s Economy and Resources

03/31/2021

Staff Paper

China’s Healthcare System: Addressing Capacity Shortfalls before and after COVID-19

The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has brought unprecedented attention to challenges in China’s domestic healthcare system. The report reviews those challenges and examines the efforts of China’s policymakers to address them.

China’s Economy and Resources

10/07/2020

Staff Paper

Overseas Chinese Students and Scholars in China’s Drive for Innovation

The report examines Beijing's ecosystem of programs and incentives designed to exploit the expertise of Chinese students and scholars studying in STEM fields at universities in the United States and other advanced countries.

China’s Economy and Resources

05/24/2018

Staff Paper

SOE Megamergers Signal New Direction in China's Economic Policy

The Chinese government is seeking to revamp its state sector through a series of billion dollar “megamergers” involving central state-owned enterprises (SOEs). These megamergers consolidate state control in strategic sectors of economy and eliminate intra-state competition in China. However, they also contribute to increased debt levels among Chinese SOEs and undermine the competitiveness of U.S. businesses and other global firms. This report assesses the objectives of China’s megamergers strategy and evaluates the implications of SOE megamergers (and, more broadly, Chinese government control over the economy) for the global competitive landscape.

China’s Economy and Resources

05/17/2018

Staff Paper

China's Digital Game Sector

China’s digital game market has emerged as the largest in the world but remains heavily restricted to U.S. game companies. U.S. companies are required to license their games to Chinese operators who appear to claim a majority of the revenue a U.S. game earns in China. Intellectual property rights conditions in China create significant challenges for U.S. firms, facilitating piracy in other international markets through China’s manufacture of piracy-enabling devices and restricting the commercial viability of certain gaming genres and platforms within China due to widespread piracy. Chinese companies have acquired several foreign game companies, raising data privacy concerns given the power of the Chinese government to request information from domestic companies and the broad array of data that can be collected by mobile games.

China’s Economy and Resources

04/19/2017

Issue Brief

Evaluation of China’s Nonmarket Economy Status

This two page issue brief lays out the U.S. statutory test for determining whether a country is a market economy, and assesses China’s eligibility based on those criteria.

China’s Economy and Resources

02/14/2017

Staff Paper

The 13th Five-Year Plan

China is an important market for U.S. firms, but policies outlined in the 13th Five-Year Plan seek to create new Chinese competitors that will be able to challenge U.S. companies abroad while slowly closing market opportunities in China for U.S. and other foreign firms in important high-tech sectors such as biopharmaceuticals, robotics, and aviation. This staff report analyzes the 13th Five-Year Plan, the Chinese government’s most important strategy to address its economic, social, and environmental challenges over the next five years, focusing on key national targets (including subsequently announced localization and innovation targets), market access commitments, and its implications for the U.S. employment, innovation, and economic growth.

China’s Economy and Resources

U.S.-China Economic AND Security Review Commission

Research

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