2025 Annual Report to Congress | U.S.- CHINA | ECONOMIC and SECURITY REVIEW COMMISSION

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The U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission is a legislative branch commission created by the United States Congress in October 2000 with the legislative mandate to monitor, investigate, and submit to Congress an annual report on the national security implications of the bilateral trade and economic relationship between the United States and the People’s Republic of China, and to provide recommendations, where appropriate, to Congress for legislative and administrative action.

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The U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission is chartered to monitor, investigate, and report to Congress on the national security implications of the bilateral trade and economic relationship between the United States and the People’s Republic of China. The Commission meets its research mission by submitting to Congress an Annual Report, as well as by conducting staff-led reports, contracted research, and more.

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RESEARCH BY TOPIC

Censorship and Control RESEARCH BY TOPIC

China’s Economy and Resources

Compliance with International Rules and Norms

Finance and Investment

Global Relations and Influence

Hong Kong

Product Safety

Science and Technology

Security and Defense

Taiwan

Trade and Supply Chains
FEATURED RESEARCH

Chinese Companies Listed on Major U.S. Stock Exchanges FEATURED RESEARCH

PRC in International Organizations

China-Ukraine Timeline

 

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Topics this year include China’s revisionist ambitions with Russia, Iran, and North Korea; China and Southeast Asia and the Pacific Islands; how Beijing built its manufacturing and innovation engine; China’s ambitions to dominate space; China Shock 2.0; Beijing’s weaponization of supply chains; China’s electrification drive; and a review of Taiwan, Hong Kong, economics, trade, security, politics, and foreign affairs development in 2025.

Opening Statement of Chair Reva Price

Opening Statement of Vice Chair Randy Schriver

Report PDFs

Annual Report to Congress15.69 MB

Executive Summary7.73 MB

Recommendations to Congress171.88 KB

Part 1 – The Year in Review

Chapter 1 - U.S.-China Economic and Trade Relations (Year in Review)1.16 MB

Chapter 2 - U.S.-China Security and Foreign Affairs (Year in Review)1.19 MB

Part 2 - Efforts to Remake the World Order

Chapter 3 - Axis of Autocracy: China’s Revisionist Ambitions with Russia, Iran, and North Korea1.08 MB

Chapter 4 - Crossroads of Competition: China and Southeast Asia1.48 MB

Chapter 5 - Small Islands, Big Stakes: China’s Playbook in the Pacific Islands1.3 MB

Part 3 - Competition in Contested Frontiers

Chapter 6 - Interlocking Innovation Flywheels: China's Manufacturing and Innovation Engine1.26 MB

Chapter 7 - The Final Frontier: China’s Ambitions to Dominate Space4.99 MB

Part 4 - Exposure to China's Economic Distortions and Coercion

Chapter 8 - China Shock 2.01.39 MB

Chapter 9 - Chained to China: Beijing’s Weaponization of Supply Chains1.17 MB

Chapter 10 - Power Surge: China’s Electrification Drive and Push for Global Energy Dominance3.23 MB

Taiwan and Hong Kong

Chapter 11 - Taiwan857.41 KB

Chapter 12 - Hong Kong720.96 KB