TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

PAGE

I.

Executive Summary

1

 

 

 

II.

China’s 1st Two Years of WTO Membership

10

 

 

 

 

 

A.

Compliance Efforts

10

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1.

Modification to laws, regulations

10

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2.

Committee participation

21

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3.

Technical assistance program from the WTO and member nations

 

29

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(a)

WTO

29

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(b)

United States

39

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(c)

EU and other countries

55

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

B.

The Transitional Review Mechanism

62

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1.

What is required by Article 18 of the Protocol

62

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2.

Experience in the first review

72

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(a)

Timing of review issues

72

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(b)

Data supplied by China at beginning of review

75

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(c)

Willingness of China to respond to questions in writing

 

80

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(d)

Nature of the reports provided

83

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(e)

Issues identified by WTO Members

86

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3.

Experience in the second review

97

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(a)

Procedural changes if any

97

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(b)

Data supplied by China at beginning of review

100

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(c)

Issues identified by WTO Members

107

 

 

 

 

 

 


 

C.

U.S. and Private Sector Monitoring and Bilateral Approaches to Address Issues

 

120

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1.

Bilateral mechanisms for addressing issues

120

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2.

Monitoring programs

127

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(a)

Government

127

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(b)

Private sector

140

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3.

Issues of importance identified in first two years

143

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(a)

Trading rights

145

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(b)

Automotive issues (financing, market access)

153

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(c)

Financial services

158

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(d)

Administration of TRQs in agriculture

165

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(e)

Tariffs

170

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(f)

VAT

175

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(g)

SPS

178

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(h)

Intellectual property rights

180

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(i)

Subsidies

186

 

 

 

 

 

D.

U.S. Use of Transitional Rights (textile safeguards; Section 421; AD NME status)

 

192

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1.

Protocol of accession provisions

192

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2.

U.S. implementing provisions or existing laws

202

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3.

Efforts by U.S. industries to use the provisions

222

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(a)

Textile safeguards

222

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(b)

Import surges and Section 421 of the Trade Act of 1974 as amended

 

228

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(c)

Treatment of China as a non-market economy under U.S. antidumping duty law

 

236

 

 

 

III.

Conclusion and Recommendations

240