B.S., marine transportation, 1956, New York State Maritime College

M.A., Ph.D., economics, 1962, 1964, The New School for Social Research

Senior Fellow in Trade and Productivity, Manufacturers Alliance/MAPI (2000-Present)

Senior Fellow, The Hudson Institute (1998-2000)

William M. Scholl Chair in International Business, The Center for Strategic and International Studies (1988-1998)

Foreign Service Officer (1963-1988). Tours included:

Senior Economic Advisor for the Philippines (1985-1986)

American Ambassador to Haiti (1981-1983)

Deputy Chief of Mission, Lima Peru (1977-1980)

Executive Director, Economic Policy Group, White House Staff (1977)

Director, Office of European Communities and OECD Affairs (1974-1976)

Member, Policy Planning Staff (1969-1972)

Economic Officer, London (1968-69)

Member, U.S. Delegation to the Kennedy Round of GATT negotiations, Geneva (1965-1967)

College teacher in economics, Brooklyn College (1962-1963)

Merchant marine officer, American Export Lines (1956-1961)

National Defense Education Act, Fellowship in Econometrics, 1961-1963

Council on Foreign Relations, International Affairs Fellow, 1967-1968

The Brookings Institution, Visiting Fellow, 1967-1968

The National Planning Association, Senior Fellow, 1972-1973

The Overseas Development Council, Visiting Fellow, 1983-1984

Deputy Editor for Economics, The Washington Quarterly, 1991-1999

Advisory Council, Korea Economic Institute of America, 1992-Present

Second prize, Jacques de Larosière International Essay Competition in Global Finance, 1998

Traders and Diplomats: A History and Analysis of the Kennedy Round of Negotiations Under the GATT, (The Brookings Institution, 1970)

Economic Blocs and U.S. Foreign Policy (The National Planning Association, 1974)

The Evolution of a Revolution: Peru and Its Relations with the United States, 1968-1980, (NPA, 1981)

Haiti and the CBI: A Time of Change and Opportunity, (Institute of Interamerican Studies, University of Miami, 1985)

Hard Bargaining Ahead: U.S. Trade Policy and Developing Countries, (Overseas Development Council, 1985), Ed.

New Dimensions in Foreign Economic Policy, (Center for the Study of Foreign Affairs, Department of State, 1986), Ed.

The Tied Aid Credit Issue: U.S. Export Competitiveness in Developing Countries, (CSIS, 1989)

The American Challenge in World Trade: U.S. Interests in the GATT Multilateral Trading System, (CSIS, 1989)

Neither Fish nor Fowl: U.S. Economic Aid to the Philippines for Noneconomic Objectives, (CSIS, 1991)

Cuba and the New Caribbean Economic Order, (CSIS, 1993)

Trade Policy Ahead: Three Tracks and One Question, (CSIS, 1995)

Traders in a Brave New World: The Uruguay Round and the Future of the International Trading System, (Univ. of Chicago Press, 1995)

The Haitian Dilemma: A Case Study in Demographics, Development, and U.S. Foreign Policy, (CSIS, 1996)

From Here to Free Trade: Essays in Post-Uruguay Round Trade Strategy, (University of Chicago Press/CSIS, 1998)

Feeling Good or Doing Good with Sanctions: Unilateral Economic Sanctions and the U.S. National Interest, (CSIS, 1999)

The Trade Deficit, the Dollar, and the U.S. National Interest, (Hudson Institute, 2000)

From Here to Free Trade in Manufacturing, (Manufacturers Alliance/MAPI, August 2003)

U.S. Manufacturing: The Engine for Growth in a Global Economy (co-editor with Thomas J. Duesterberg, Praeger Publishers, October 2003)

Articles, op-eds, book reviews.

LANGUAGES: Spanish, French D.O.B.: July 5, 1934, New Jersey