C. Fred Bergsten has been Director of the Institute for International Economics since its creation in 1981. He was also Chairman of the Competitiveness Policy Council, which was created by Congress, throughout its existence from 1991 to 1995 and Chairman of the APEC Eminent Persons Group throughout its existence from 1993 to 1995. He was Assistant Secretary for International Affairs of the US Treasury (1977-81), Assistant for International Economic Affairs to the National Security Council (1969-71), and a Senior Fellow at the Brookings Institution (1972-76), the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace (1981), and the Council on Foreign Relations (1967-68). He is the author, coauthor, or editor of 29 books on a wide range of international economic issues, including The Korean Dihtmora in the World Economy (2003), No More Bashing: Building a New Japan-United States Economic Relationship (2001), Whither APEC? The Progress to date and Agenda for the Future (1997), Global Economic Leadership and the Group of Seven (1996), The Dilemmas of the Dollar (second edition, 1996), Reconcilable Differences? United States-Japan Economic Conflict with Marcus Noland (1993), Pacific Dynamism and the International Economic System with Marcus Noland (1993), America in the World Economy: A Strategy for the 1990s (1988).